How to Prevent Dengue: Essential Health Tips

Dengue fever continues to be a significant public health concern in Sri Lanka, with health authorities reporting a rise in cases across the country, particularly in the Western Province. Recent increases in infections, combined with seasonal rains that create mosquito breeding sites, highlight the importance of awareness, early detection, and prevention.

What is Dengue?

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted through the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are active during the daytime, especially in the early morning and late afternoon. Unlike many other mosquito species, they often breed in clean, stagnant water found in and around homes, schools, workplaces, and public spaces.

Common Symptoms of Dengue

Symptoms typically appear 4–10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and may include:

• Sudden high fever
• Severe headache
• Pain behind the eyes
• Muscle and joint pain
• Nausea or vomiting
• Skin rash
• Extreme fatigue

While many cases are mild, dengue can sometimes progress to severe disease, which may be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Early medical attention is essential.

Warning Signs That Need Immediate Medical Attention

Seek urgent medical care if a person with dengue develops:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Persistent vomiting
• Bleeding from the gums or nose
• Difficulty breathing
• Extreme weakness or restlessness
• Reduced urine output

Timely medical management can significantly reduce the risk of complications.

How Can You Prevent Dengue?

Preventing mosquito breeding and avoiding mosquito bites remain the most effective ways to reduce the spread of dengue.

1. Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Sites

• Empty and clean containers that collect water.
• Cover water storage tanks and barrels.
• Dispose of unwanted items such as old tyres, bottles, and cans.
• Keep gutters and drains free from blockages.

2. Protect Yourself from Mosquito Bites

• Wear long-sleeved clothing and long trousers when possible.
• Use mosquito repellents according to product instructions.
• Install mosquito screens on doors and windows.
• Use mosquito nets where appropriate, especially for young children and vulnerable individuals.

3. Keep Your Community Safe

Dengue control is a community effort. Regular inspection and cleaning of homes, schools, workplaces, and surrounding areas can significantly reduce mosquito breeding. Health authorities have identified improper waste disposal and unattended water collections as major contributors to dengue outbreaks.

What Should You Do If You Suspect Dengue?

If you develop a fever and other symptoms suggestive of dengue:

• Seek medical advice early.
• Stay well hydrated.
• Get adequate rest.
• Monitor your symptoms closely.
• Avoid self-medicating without medical guidance.

Early diagnosis allows healthcare professionals to monitor the illness and provide appropriate care before complications develop.